XJTLU Referencing

What is Plagiarism?

Plagiarism is defined by Xi’an Jiaotong – Liverpool University Student Regulations as “Reproducing material from other works or a paraphrase of such material without acknowledgement”.

Common Forms of Plagiarism

•  Copying directly from others without acknowledgement of the original source

•  Using ideas or rephrasing text from without acknowledgement of the original source

•  Using charts, tables, pictures or diagrams from others without referencing

•  Reusing some parts of your previous work

•  Submitting other people’s work as your own

How to Avoid Plagiarism?

•  Use your own ideas.

•  Paraphrase + give proper credit to the original source.

•  Use quotation marks when using exact words from other authors + give proper credit to the original source.

•  Organise and track your sources and materials, or use Bibliographic Management Tools such as EndNote and Refworks to help you.

When writing assignments you must acknowledge the source of your ideas and quotes in sufficient detail so that those reading can locate the item. Referencing is important to avoid plagiarism, to verify quotations and to enable readers to follow up what you have written and locate the cited author’s work.

1. Bibliographies, References & Citations

A bibliography is a list of everything you have consulted in preparation for your work (essay/paper), whether or not you have referred to them in the work.

References are the items you have read and cited in your work. The in-text citation and the items in the reference list must match.

A citation is details of a scholarly publication’s location that helps you to find it quickly.

2. Citation Style (Format)

In-text citation

• Author-Date:
  E.g. xxxxx (Neuman, 2011)
         Neuman (2011) suggested that xxxxx
        (Adams et al., 1983; Benson and Thomson, 1982; Dziech and Weiner, 1990)

• Numeric:
  E.g. xxxxx [1]
         Neuman¹ suggested that xxxxx

Full citation (Example: Harvard style)

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